The Elements of Life

A few decades back, scientists tried to recreate what was accepted as the conditions on the Earth several billion years ago, in an attempt to determine whether those conditions would spontaneously develop the fundamental chemicals needed for life as we know it on this planet. This has come to be called the Miller/Urey or Urey/Miller Experiment.
In this experiment, the scientists used water, hydrogen, ammonia, and methane, all chemicals thought to be abundant in the early stages of the Earth's development, and placed these in a closed, sterile loop system under high heat and great pressure. Two large flasks were connected by tubes, one flask half-filled with water and the other with two electrodes, which would cause an electrical discharge, recreating lightning in the tumultuous early Earth atmosphere. This would all work as a continuous cycle. After a week of constant operation the scientists found that 10-15% of the carbon in the closed system was now in the form of organic compounds.

Two percent of the carbon had formed amino acids that are used to make proteins in living cells, with glycine as the most abundant. Sugars, lipids, and some of the
building blocks for nucleic acids were also formed. - ( Wikipedia )

All in all 22 different amino acids were created. This was a groundbreaking experiment and served to show the simplicity through which life's basic compounds could be formed on Earth.
But what if those compounds could be formed in Outer Space? That is what a Spanish and a French scientist are hoping to find. They have. . .

identified a band in the infrared range that serves to track the presence of organic material rich in oxygen and nitrogen in the interstellar dust grains. Should any telescope detect this band, the presence in space of aminoacids and other substances, which are the precursors to life, could be confirmed. - ( Science Daily )

They have done a clever experiment, similar to the one described above, but based on the conditions in inter-stellar space.

Guillermo Muñoz and his French colleague Emmanuel Dartois, from the Institute of Space Astrophysics in Paris, have recreated these interstellar conditions in the laboratory by mixing various gases at a very low pressure and temperature (-263ºC), and then irradiating the interstellar ice which is formed with ultraviolet light. As a result yellow stuff is generated, a yellowish substance rich in carbon but with hydrogen, nitrogen and a lot of associated oxygen. This material is composed of numerous organic molecules, such as carboxylic acids, glycine and other aminoacids (molecules that are essential to the composition of proteins).

Here is an image of this "yellow stuff" as they are calling it.

By creating this in the lab, they are able to run tests on it and also spectrographic analysis on it, which is what allowed them to determine exactly where in the infrared spectrum to look for the distinctive band of color that would signify the discovery of this "yellow stuff" in interstellar space. AMAZING!

The yellow stuff absorption band is situated within the 3.4 micrometres of the mid-infrared spectrum and when represented on a graph its profile has two characteristic peaks. "This makes it possible to detect this band in planet-forming regions similar to our solar nebula and Solar System bodies", Muñoz points out.

As of now, no one has found the tell-tale sign of this stuff in outer space, but scientists think that may be due to a limitation in our equipment. The stuff that life is made of could be so abundant, and widespread. This would be a great discovery.

Space Dust & The Rectangular Nebula

While outer space is pictured by many as a deep vacuum, it is actually full of space dust, tiny particles of matter which, in some instances, coalesce and form new stars and stellar systems. There are many areas that scientists have found which are densely packed with this dust, and which are called "stellar nurseries" because of the high rate of new star formation within them. The image below, a section of the Eagle Nebula, is one example of a gas and dust filled area which is currently "birthing" hundreds if not thousands of new stars.

Our solar system is currently experiencing a cosmic dust storm with at least three times as much dust passing through compared to just a few years ago, owing to a periodic weakening of the sun's magnetic field. And sometime in the next 10,000 years, we'll plow through the G-cloud, a region of dust more dense than the one we're in now.
Astronomers have struggled for a conclusive answer as to where all this dust comes from.
"We not only do not know what the stuff is, but we do not know where it is made or how it gets into space," said Donald York, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago. ( Space.com )

Donald York and his colleagues have recently discovered one such source for all this inter-stellar and inter-galactic dust.

The dust factory is a double star system, designated HD 44179, that sits within the strikingly beautiful Red Rectangle, an oddly geometric cloud of gas and dust located 2,300 light-years away.

Here is an image of this double star system nebula as taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.

Click HERE for a schematic detailing the structure of this amazing stellar object. One of the stars in this binary system is an older star, which has used up it's hydrogen fuel, and is slowly sloughing off it's outer layer as it prepares to contract and "burn" it's helium fuel. This takes place over tens of thousands of years, which to us seems like a huge span of time, but in the multi-billion year life-span of a star, is like the blink of an eye. It is during this time that the companion star's gravity and the tidal forces created by it are helping to eject the ridiculous amounts of "dust" from the star which is about to start it's next phase.
Scientists think that, if this type of process is happening throughout the Universe, and since binary star systems are actually more common than single star systems, this may help explain the unaccounted for masses of intergalactic and inter-stellar dust that permeates the visible Universe. Seeing as how the Universe is at least 14 Billion years old, it is not a hard thing to imagine. That is a nearly infinite amount of time.

"The heavy elements like iron, nickel, silicon, calcium and carbon condense
out into solid grains, which we see as interstellar dust, once they leave the
system," ( Space.com )

It is these heavy elements that then go on to become part of planets like ours, and life like ours. What a -FUPPETS- mind-fuck.